Ionic and Covalent Bonding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ionic and Covalent Bonding - Essay Example Development of ionic bond takes when an electron is moved from a non metal to metal creation the two molecules have incomplete positive and negative charge thus they draw in each other. Response between non-metals and metals results into electrons being moved from the metal to non-metal and, consequently, the metal and non-metal structures particles. Then again, the compound shaped is called an ionic compound (Gaskell 2008, p. 17). In the above model, sodium iota loses an electron to the chlorine molecule. In this way, sodium particle, thusly, turns out to be in part decidedly charged while the chlorine iota becomes mostly contrarily charged consequently an ionic bond is shaped (Gaskell 2008, p. 18). Ionic bonds don't have a distinct shape while covalent bonds have clear shapes that can be anticipated. Furthermore, covalent bonds can be broken to the first iotas which made the particle on the grounds that the molecules are near each other in order to share electrons (Engel and Reid 2012, p.43). While, ionic bonds are strong, covalent bonds atoms are vaporous or fluids. Intensifies that have covalent bonds have a lower dissolving point than ionic bonds since they have feeble van der waals powers that don't require a high measure of vitality. Then again, ionic compound has higher dissolving focuses on the grounds that their bonds are steady and thus high measure of vitality is required to the bonds (Atkins and Paula 2012, p.54). Ionic bonds likewise structure crystalline particles and in arrangement or liquid state they lead power and are additionally polar bonds. Subsequently, a large portion of them break down in water yet are insoluble in solvents that are not polar (Silbey et al. 2004 p.30). Ionic bonds are shaped between a metal and non-metal particles. For the development of the attach to happen, the iotas must have high contrast in electron pessimism and it is made when the metal molecule loses an electron to the non-metal creation it

US Political Polarization: Republicans and Democrats

US Political Polarization: Republicans and Democrats Partisanship has consistently existed in the United States. However, there have been times of decay and resurgence. However, since the 1970s America has seen an expansion in â€Å"party unity† casts a ballot in Congress. From 2009 to 2012 gathering solidarity votes was around 70%, an away from of polarization in Washington.[1] The ideological contrasts that exist inside Congress is likewise demonstrative of the demeanor of the overall population. A lion's share of individuals are eager to call themselves Democrats or Republicans. â€Å"Party recognizable proof, as different mentalities, influences convictions just as opinions.†[2] Party connection is a critical apparatus to foresee inclinations of voters, those that partner themselves with the Republican Party will in general vote Republican and those related with the Democratic Party will in general vote Democrat. Presidential execution evaluations are sign of polarization among the gatherings. Republicans will in gene ral give a higher endorsement rating for Republicans and lower rating for Democrats, and the inverse is valid for Democrats.[3] Elections and legislative issues in America have gotten more enraptured than any time in recent memory. The establishment that made a more captivated America can be found in the adjustments in the media, battle financing, and the manner in which up-and-comers are chosen. The historical backdrop of news media is one of a development of innovation, rehearses, and administrative situations that changed the perspectives on America. Quite a while back, the decisions for Americans to get their news were restricted to a couple of TV systems and nearby papers. The legislature organized guidelines over the communicate news, for example, the equivalent time arrangement which expected stations to give equivalent access to possibility to office. The long standing FCC approach called the reasonableness regulation maybe was the most effective in communicated news. The strategy made a condition in which news outlets were not focusing on unmistakable center convictions. Rather, the arrangement â€Å"required that stations give a portion of broadcast appointment to open undertakings programming, and that they do as such in a way that is adjusted and equitable.† [4] So basically, individuals got the comparative data simultaneously. In the past the national news was conveyed by hardly any week after week papers however innovative advances brought an incredible potential market of watchers. The presentation of link and web made mass correspondence simpler and less expensive. In 2010, about each family unit in America approached either: radio, TV, and in any event one portable device.[5] Americans appreciate a more prominent assortment of view focuses, and this wealth of new suggests political polarization can happen. Buyers of new media depend on news source they find as solid and will in general maintain a strategic distance from data that repudiates their earlier convictions. Fox news a preservationist news outlet has a high trustworthiness rate among Republicans (77% in 2012) and a low acceptability rate among Democrats (37% in 2012).[6] Liberal news sources have a comparable evaluations, high credibility among Democrats and low authenticity among Republicans. It is protected to accept those with moderate convictions are bound to tune in to a traditionalist news source and those with liberal perspectives are bound to tune into a liberal news source. These news sources give a typical story on recent developments, an account that is appropriate for their crowd. The crowds thus are being determined what they need to hear. What's more, with the abilities of the web, the news sources can target explicit crowds and tailor data to fortify what they as of now accept. This bounty of new outlets and focusing by the media adds to political polarization. Present day crusades for government office are commonly over the top expensive. Amassing effort groups, raising assets, employing experts and specialized authorities are on the whole exercises that cost cash. Its absolutely impossible for most possibility to arrange and run a serious battle without the progression of cash. Right now, cash spent on significant government battles originates from private sources.[7] Money rolling in from private sources raises two or three issues in races. Cash is conveyed inconsistent, so it undermines vote based fairness, which means, somebody with more cash could have more impact on the result. This likewise raises the worry that chosen authorities are more ready to serve their supporters than their constituents. This is totally conceivable and could prompt chosen authorities taking progressively outrageous situations on issues so as to please their patrons. As far as it matters for its the government has stepped in to direct the progression of battl e financing, making the FEC to uphold law and to gather and distribute nitty gritty data on crusade commitments. A 2010 Supreme Court choice restricted all cutoff points on autonomous spending prompted the making of SuperPACs. SuperPacs are basically autonomous panels pushing their own motivation to help a competitor or assault an applicant. Lamentably, competitors have no power over the SuperPACs and how they go through their cash. Almost $1.3 billion was spent autonomously on government battles by gatherings and PACs in 2012.[8] The cash created by the SuperPACS is for the most part spent to buy TV adverstising. In 2012, more than 3 million political advertisements circulated from January 1 through Election Day.[9] There was a generous increment in volume and cost of political promotions from 2008 to 2012 and a significant increment in assault promotions from 51% of promotions broadcast in 2008 were assault promotions to 61% in 2012.[10] simultaneously, nonparty autonomous consump tions in congressional races developed from $120 million of every 2008 to $500 million in 2012.[11] Perhaps there is a connection between's assault promotions and raising effort reserves. A crusades capacity to slander a rival, which incites dread and outrage among his constituents, is sufficient to spur the candidate’s base to give and end up voting. Polarization in Congress isn't new. The degree of Congressional polarization relies upon numerous elements, one being Primary Elections. Races in Primaries vary than those in a general political race. In Primary races up-and-comers will in general move their positions either to one side or right finish of the range. When they made sure about their party’s selection, they move their situation to an increasingly moderate situation to draw in autonomous voters. Up-and-comers follow this strategy for crusading on the grounds that Primary constituents are more outrageous than those in a general election.[12] Elections in the America jelly American majority rule government. Permitting residents to pick their agents and supplant those that failed to meet expectations. â€Å"The danger of supplanting gives chose authorities an incredible motivating force to tune in to their constituents.†[13] Some voters may rebuff agents that make a disagreeable decision on issues by supplanti ng him with another delegate. This opposition in primaries help make polarization inside Congress.[14] When confronted with rivalry in the essential political race competitors will in general take extraordinary positions. Republicans up-and-comers that face no opposition/adversary had a normal essential position .77 and those that experienced a rival had a normal essential situation of .85[15], a position further from the inside. This is on the grounds that essential voters care more about a candidate’s positions than the general political decision casting a ballot base. The 2010 Tea Party wonder is a case of extraordinary and connected with essential constituents. The Tea Party development took standard preservationists good and gone, which thus, hurt the Republican Party in the general political decision in view of their outrageous positions. The radicalism and activism that exists in essential decisions adds to the political polarization in America. The ideological gap among Republicans and Democrats, Conservatives and Liberals is genuine. Polarization isn't just present in the parts of government yet in addition among the individuals. The political framework that has been made has contributed significantly to the development of polarization. The establishments can be followed back to the media’s impact over people in general, financing of crusades and the way in which the general population chooses agents. [1] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001). [2] (KJKV).pg.466. [3] (KJKV).Pg. 447 [4] (KJKV).pg. 629 [5] (KJKV).pg. 640 †It is completely conceivable that in spite of having a cell phone, the gadget will be unable to ride the Web, which constrains the potential data partaking in that family unit. [6] (KJKV).pg. 638 [7] (KJKV).pg. 508 [8] (KJKV).pg. 511 [9] Erika Franklin Fowler and Travis N. Ridout, â€Å"Negative, Angry, and Ubiquitous: Political Advertising inâ 2012† [10] Erika Franklin Fowler and Travis N. Ridout, â€Å"Negative, Angry, and Ubiquitous: Political Advertising in 2012† [11] (KJKV).pg. 510 [12] Gary C. Jacobson, â€Å"The Electoral Origins of Polarized Politics: Evidence From the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study.† American Behavioral Scientist 56(12) 1612â€1630. [13] (KJKV)Pg. 521 [14] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001). [15] Barry Burden, â€Å"The Polarizing Effects of Congressional Primaries,† in Galderisi et al. (eds.), CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARIES AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (2001).

Jane Elliot †A Class Divided

Jane Elliot †A Class Divided Foundation Discrimination has taken numerous definitions throughout the years. Anyway it can fundamentally be said to be a portrayal of biased treatment to an individual for participation in a given class or gathering. The relationship exists between one gathering to another and the genuine way in which they treat each other.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Jane Elliot †A Class Divided explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It for the most part includes limitation refusal and retaining of chances or access to such chances to a person of a specific classification. Such special treatment need not cause damage to be separation. It is sufficient to give more awful treatment to a person over another for some relevant subjective explanation. Contention In 1968, Riceville, Iowa instructor, Jane Elliot, viewed with sickening dread as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed. She was extraordinarily worried at how segregation was being executed in the pu blic eye with sheer numbness of the harm and torment it was causing to the separated individuals. With sights set on passing the message against separation to her third grade understudies she endeavored to give an exercise to sharpen the class on the impact of the bad habit. Anyway this was a pointless activity since like their folks and the general public around them they didn't comprehend or have a vibe of what segregation was. Truth be told a portion of the kids just observed dark individuals on the TV. The subject as in this manner talked about delicately and with numbness. She in this manner utilized a viable case of segregation wherein she isolated the class into two gatherings. The principal bunch was comprised of kids with blue eyes while the other was made of kids with earthy colored eyes. She at that point continued to laud the gathering of kids with blue eyes as against those with earthy colored eyes. The youngsters were made to accept that the kids with blue eyes were pr ogressively predominant and were increasingly keen and along these lines had the right to be dealt with better. The kids with blue eyes were given points of interest and benefits over their earthy colored peered toward companions, for example, additional time during breaks and more educator consideration. They were additionally cautioned against communicating with their individual earthy colored peered toward schoolmates and they were not to play with them. The earthy colored looked at understudies were likewise made to wear blue scarf’s that would be utilized to recognize and recognize them from other kids. On the subsequent day, the blue peered toward youngsters proceeded and were made to wear the scarfs. Jane Elliot modified the outlook to depict the blue looked at understudies as lethargic and discourteous. They were likewise made to endure lesser benefits, for example, not going to play just as a solitary portion of lunch instead of going for a second offer for the indiv iduals who were not fulfilled. The earthy colored peered toward understudies were likewise given more instructor consideration and gotten increasingly celebratory comments structure their educator rather than their blue peered toward classmatesAdvertising Looking for exposition on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reaction toward the finish of the multi day practice was thrilling. The adequacy of this strategy in conveying information and influencing the learning procedure was generally excellent. The kids deliberately censured the bad habit of separation and gave their vibe of the movement. The feeling of detainment mistreatment and isolation was profoundly felt by the understudies who when solicited to arrange from the blue scarf’s that were utilized to distinguish the youngsters who were of an alternate gathering decide to destroy them. This fascinating and forceful feeling of regret shows how profound separation goes in culpable the individual or individual. The experience as evaluated by the understudies fourteen years after the fact was an absolute achievement in solidifying and implanting the standards and qualities against separation. The majority of the understudies grew up to authorize the tenets and lesson of the relationship against separation to their spouses kids companions and individual citizenry. They got bolder at announcing their remain against segregation. Training strategy utilized Jane Elliot utilized a marriage among collective and participatory instructing techniques. She permitted the understudies to encourage her showing procedure while all the while permitting them to instruct and gain from one another. Obviously other showing strategies, for example, addressing and clarifying would have had little accomplishment at getting to the youthful psyche not to mention harden the information in the midst of the cultural way to deal with the issue. The strategy mak es an intuitive coordinated effort between the instructor and the understudy permitting the class to be increasingly reasonable and sensible. This contradicts some common norms of most training frameworks and strategies in the contemporary instructing affection that are progressively slanted towards an informative strategy for educating. Common sense and reasons thereof In the cutting edge data and innovation setting the strategy would confront certain appropriate difficulties that stream from the auxiliary and situational changes that have happened in the learning condition. For example, Students learning through electronic techniques possess little energy for the relational association with individual colleagues aside from in occasions where it is completely vital. It would along these lines be very hard to execute the technique in a virtual study hall where understudies are indirectly found. The technique would anyway still work in the country and most present day learning condit ion where there the study hall set up still exists. It will anyway require certain appropriate change in its way of conveyance and execution to include progressively present day ideas and analogies inside the strategy.

Contribution of forensic science to crime reduction - 275 Words

Contribution of forensic science to crime reduction (Essay Sample) Content: Contribution of forensic science to crime reduction.Forensic science is the application of scientific methods in the investigation of crimes. In settling questions about legal disputes pertaining crimes, forensic science entails the analysis of DNA, blood stain, firearms, footware, bodies and even drugs, in order to establish concrete evidence required for such cases. In an event of crime, evidence is normally collected from the witnesses, suspects and the victims of the crime. Some other evidences are normally submitted by the police to the forensic scientists for their testing and analysis. The results are then interpreted by the scientist, who then use them to prepare a witness statement which are passed to the police for further actions to be taken, if there exist any.Forensic science has been in use for over fifty years in the helping of crime reduction. It has been used to gather evidences which can be used by the prosecution as well as the defence, in the settl ing of criminal disputes. Because it is highly regarded worldwide for its integrity, forensic science has brought a lot of benefits in the criminal justice systems. These have been manifested by the narrowing of the issues to be tried in criminal cases and also by encouraging an early guilty plea.Forensic science assists in establishing whether crimes have been committed. In some cases where a crime may be undoubtfully seen as having been committed, this may turn out to be untrue. In such cases, only scientific tests on the items can really prove so to support the offence. This is common in cases such as driving of car while under the influence of alcohol, rape and also case like food poisoning. The authenticity of documents which may be in doubt, may also be established through scientific examinations and as a result, evidence of fraud being exposed. This greatly reduces documents forgery. The developments in the forensic science technology have also enhanced the detection of previ ously undetectable crimes like cyber crimes.DNA evidence being among the most trusted and effective tools in forensic science, it is widely used to gather evidence especially in the rape, violent and property crimes. With a very high degree of probability, DNA evidence can absolutely eliminate a suspect from a certain crime or as well, strongly establish guilt. This has really assisted in the provision of fair justice as convictions are no longer done wrongfully. Administered strategically, DNA tests and analysis can improve prosecution rates, facilitate faster case clearance rates, act as a deterrent to crime, and thus playing a critical role in the crime reduction. The DNA fingerprinting technology otherwise has really helped in the reduction of crimes like burglary, vehicle theft and even violent murder.Forensic data are also exposed to different organizations which have different operational objectives. Since they provide such information on the environment where crimes were com mitted and the perfect linking of certain individuals to certain crimes, such information are normally used to estimate prevalence rates of criminal activities in different areas and thus authorities can strategically take relevant measures to curb such menace in the most effective way. This ultimately contributes in the reduction of crime rates.Over the years, ...

The Levels Of Carbon Dioxide - 1560 Words

In the modern industrial era, the levels of Carbon Dioxide produced are much more significant than in years before. Due to Carbon Dioxides involvement in ocean acidification, this is a major issue. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the pH of the ocean surface has fallen by 0.1 units. Although this may not seem significant, due to the logarithmic properties of the pH scale, this change signifies about a 30% increase in ocean acidity. If this issue isn’t addressed, there will be dire consequences for both marine organisms, as well as humans. To understand ocean acidification, some chemistry needs to be defined and understood. Co2 is a compound molecule comprising of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms through a†¦show more content†¦The molecules gain a shell of water molecules and are transformed from CO2 (g) to CO2 (aq). This is known as the dissolution process. This can be shown in the equilibrium reaction. Equilibrium is a state in a reaction in which both the reactants and the products are present in concentrations that are both constant, and will not change over time. This state results when the forward reaction is proceeding at the same rate as the reverse reaction. An example of this can be seen in the dissolution of Sodium Chloride in water. If the equilibrium equation NaCl(s) NaCl (aq) is used, we can see that the compound in the solid form is re-crystalizing at the same rate as the aqueous form is dissolving. There are 3 main disturbances that can alter equilibrium, a change in concentration of reactants or products, a change in temperature or a change in pressure. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, if any of these three is disturbed, the system compensates by shifting the equilibrium to either the left or the right. This can be seen in the equilibrium reactions associated with sea water. In the dissolution process of CO2 discussed before, not all of the CO2 molecul es remain dissolved. A small amount react with the water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can be seen in the equation CO2 (aq) + H2O H2CO3 (aq). As carbonic acid is a weak acid, it can dissociate to bicarbonate or carbonate. These two equations respectfully are H2CO3 (aq H+ (aq) + HCO3- (aq),

Skateboard magazines reflect counter cultural ideologies Essay Example For Students

Skateboard magazines reflect counter cultural ideologies Essay Structuralism is based on saussurian linguistics, there is a distinction shown between the langue and the parole. The langue is the overall system or structure of language, its words, syntax, rules, conventions and meanings (Strinati, 1995, p90). Strinati demonstrates that the parole is determined by the langue, and is the actual manifestation of language. Therefore, this essay will try to reveal themes that illustrate whether subcultural magazines reinforce the resistance of dominant values and ideals, or promote themes related to the dominant culture. Semiotics is concerned with reconstructing the langue underlying certain types of parole (Thwaites, Davis Mules, 1994, p58). In addition a brief content analysis will be utilised to illustrate the consumerist nature of Sidewalk. Content analysis is a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words or concepts within texts or sets of texts. Researchers quantify and analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of such words and concepts, then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writer(s), the audience, and even the culture and time of which these are a part (Palmquist, 2005, www. writingcolostate. edu). Within the analysis of Sidewalk the results generated were of a mixed nature, as results signified that Sidewalk did produce examples of the subculture resisting the dominant values. However, the overwhelming theme among this study, lies within the promotion and embracement of capitalist values. From the outset Sidewalk establishes itself as a magazine which reflects mainstream ideologies. In a magazine which is designed to represent the subcultural image of skateboarding, what becomes evident is the surprising level of consumerism. Within the analysis, it was noticeable that comparisons could be easily drawn from subcultural magazines to dominant mainstream magazine. Firstly, the consumerist nature of Sidewalk was noticeable throughout the analysis, this was achieved through the glossy nature of the magazine, Sidewalk was produced entirely in colour, with an outstanding amount of adverts. The initial ten pages of the magazine were solely dedicated to advertisements, while within the whole magazine advertisements took up 57% (n. 81) of all space. In addition, pictures of skaters occasionally focused on close up shots, which seems to produce a more glamorous image of skateboarding, similar was found within previous work, reasons for this particular occurrence were attributed to the transformation of identity. Media culture (thus) provides resources for identity and new modes for identity in which look, style and image replaces such things as action and commitment as constitutive of identity, of who one is (Kellner, 1995, Cited in Wheaton, 2000, p269). As subcultures are in opposition to dominant values, one would expect aspects such as competition to be as Beal (1995) states de-emphasised. However, the subcultural nature of skateboarding is questioned, as rather than competing against ones self, the magazine focuses on the competition and the beating of others. A central focus within Sidewalk is attributed to the importance of competition, and extrinsic rewards. i 25,000 was on the line for each event (Ventura, 2001, p106). Furthermore, in addition to an enhanced focus paid to performance rather than participation, the analysis illustrated that the magazine generated issues typically associated with the bureaucratic nature of mainstream sport. As subcultures, essentially hold resistance to set rules, with a clear opposition to the bureaucratic nature of the dominant class, as the meaning of skating for many lies in the flexibility of self-government. However, Sidewalk gives the impression that skating possess tight systems of control. Skaters were judged on a best of run out of two, there was a good condensed format (Ventura, 2001, p106). Once again, this rejects the work of Beal (1995), who theorised that the popular practice of skateboarding does not use rules or organised contests (Beal, 1995, p263). Therefore, although the magazine itself reproduces values typically associated with capitalism, illustrating skateboarding is part of the dominant culture, within the articles of Sidewalk, the opinions of skaters resist the meanings behind the dominant sports culture. Mexicos War for Independence EssayAlthough, issues surrounding subcultures are of a complex nature, as skaters find themselves simultaneously resisting and reproducing the values of capitalism. References: Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and the state. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. London: New Left Books. Cited in Gelder, K. , ; Thornton, S. (1997). The Subcultures Reader. London: Routledge. Beal, B. (1995). Disqualifying the Official: An Exploration of Social Resistance through the Subculture of Skateboarding. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12(3), 252-267. Brohm, J, M. (1978). Sport a Prison of Measured Time. London: Ink Links. Crouch, D. , ; Tomlinson, A. (1994). Collective self-generated consumption: Leisure, space and cultural identity in late modernity. Cited in Wheaton, B. (2000). Just Do It: Consumption, Commitment and Identity in the Windsurfing Subculture. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17: 254-74. Donnelly, P. (1993). Subcultures in sport: Resilience and transformation; Cited in Beal, B. (1995). Disqualifying the Official: An Exploration of Social Resistance through the Subculture of Skateboarding. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12(3), 252-267. Featherstone, M. (1991). Consumer Culture and Postmodernism; Cited in Humphreys, D. (1997). Shreadheads go mainstream? Snowboarding and alternative youth. International Review of the Sociology of Sport, 32(2), 147-160. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. New York: International Publishers. Guttmann, A. (1978). From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sport. New York. Guildford: Columbia University Press. Hall, S. , ; Jefferson, T. (1975). Resistance through Rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. Essex: Anchor Press Ltd. Hart, M. , ; Birrell, S. (1981). Sport in the Sociocultural Process. (3rd ED). Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C Brown Company Publishers. Hebdige, D. (1979). The Meaning of Style. London: Methuen. Heino, R. (2000). New Sports: What is so Punk about Snowboarding? Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24 (2), 176-191. Humphreys, D. (1997). Shreadheads go mainstream? Snowboarding and alternative youth. International Review of the Sociology of Sport, 32(2), 147-160. Kellner, D. (1995). Media cultures: Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. London ; NY: Routledge; Cited in Wheaton, B., ; Beal. B. (2003). Keeping it Real: Subcultural Media and the Discourses of Authenticity in Alternative Sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 38, 155-176. Kellner, D. (1995). Media cultures: Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. London ; NY: Routledge; Wheaton, B. (2000). Just Do It: Consumption, Commitment and Identity in the Windsurfing Subculture. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17: 254-74. Manning, P. (1987) Semiotics ; Fieldwork. London. Newbury park. California: sage. Palmquist, M. (2005). Basic Content Analysis. http://writing. colostate. edu/references/reserach/content. (30th March 2005). Roberts, K. (1983). Youth and Leisure. London: George Allen and Unwin; Cited in Humphreys, D. (1997). Shreadheads go mainstream? Snowboarding and alternative youth. International Review of the Sociology of Sport, 32(2), 147-160. Stark, A. (2001). Chewy Cannon Haunts. Sidewalk. 60, September. Strinati, D. (1995). An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. London. Routledge. Thwaites, T. , Davis, L. , ; Mules, W. (1994). Tools for Cultural Studies: An Introduction. Melbourne: Macmillan. Ventura, (2001). Vert Series: Summer of fun for 2001. Sidewalk. 60, September. Wheaton, B. (2000). Just Do It: Consumption, Commitment and Identity in the Windsurfing Subculture. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17: 254-74. Wheaton, B. , ; Beal. B. (2003). Keeping it Real: Subcultural Media and the Discourses of Authenticity in Alternative Sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 38, 155-176. Williams, F. S. (1997, January). Along for the ride. Womens Sports and Fitness, 19, 24-26. Cited in Heino, R. (2000). New Sports: What is so Punk about Snowboarding? Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24 (2), 176-191.

Ms. Myers Essays - Group Processes, Community Organizing, Conformity

Ms. Myers Soical Psychology Experiment 5-29-00 I was at this "rocking" party last night. I decided to use this party as my social psychology experiment. I decided to use this, because there were a lot of people interacting with one another. As I viewed the area I could see many different clicks spread around the room. It looked like they were only talking to the people among their groups. The groups consisted of five or more girls and guys. I observed the different interactions among the different groups. As I looked around I could see that some groups were huddled in a corner chatting as other were running around dancing and having fun. The groups that were dancing seem like they were much more outgoing as the groups that sat around talking. When I decided to walk outside the mood of the evening began to dim. People were gathered around the table speaking calmly. However, when I walked inside the mood changed quickly from the dim light to a out of control spotlight. People were dancing like there was no tomorrow. My first impression was that there was going to be some crazy people on the dance floor would have to be soon removed. Unfortunately my predictions were correct! I also figured that the different groups would not interact too much with each other. Some people were acting like fools just so other people would notice them, and maybe even accept them. I consider this as a type of conformity. As I stumbled upon many groups, I realized that the girls were much more in depth with their conversations as though the guys. Most of the guys were sitting there staring at all of the different girls "shaking it" on the dance floor. By observing this crowd I was able to conclude that girls have higher conversation level than guys. I also realized that conformity had to of taken place in order for these different groups to have formed